Qinghua Liu* and Yuhong Zheng
American shad is one of the most vulnerable and sensitive fish species to disturbance. Any handling may cause serious lesion or death, and suspend gonad maturation and ovulation, eventually leading to difficulties in its culture and reproduction. How to avoid disturbance and reduce stress would be very important measures to be successful in inducing spawning for this species. Recently, we reported a successful integration of maturation and natural reproduction of American shad for the first time in a novel Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) without any handling for hormone administration.
English 
Spanish 
Chinese 
Russian 
French 
Japanese 
Portuguese 
Hindi